La justicia europea prohíbe llamar ‘leche’ a los derivados de la soja

Denominaciones como ‘nata’, ‘mantequilla’, ‘queso’ o ‘yogur’ están reservadas a los productos de origen animal.

Imagen: http://s2.eestatic.com/2017/03/19/mundo/america/eeuu/Leche-Industria-Estados_Unidos-Donald_Trump-EEUU_201990197_31117788_1024x576.jpg

Denominaciones como ‘leche de soja’, ‘mantequilla de tofu’ o ‘queso vegetal’ tendrán que desaparecer por completo de los supermercados y tiendas bio de toda la Unión Europea. El Tribunal de Justicia de Luxemburgo (TJUE) ha dictaminado este miércoles que los productos puramente vegetales, como la soja o el tofu, no pueden comercializarse como ‘leche’, ‘nata’, ‘mantequilla’, ‘queso’ o ‘yogur’. Estos nombres están reservados, según las reglas de la UE, para productos de origen animal.

La sentencia responde a un litigio que enfrentaba a la empresa alemana TofuTown con una asociación también alemana de defensa de la competencia. TofuTown elabora y distribuye alimentos vegetarianos y veganos y los promociona con las denominaciones ‘mantequilla de tofu Soyatoo’, ‘queso vegetal’, ‘veggie-cheese‘, ‘cream‘ y otros nombres similares. La compañía fue denunciada por infringir la normativa de la UE sobre las denominaciones de la leche y los productos lácteos.

En su defensa, TofuTown alegaba que su publicidad no contraviene las reglas de la UE. A su entender, la forma en que el consumidor comprende estas denominaciones ha cambiado mucho en los últimos años. Además, sostiene que nunca usa estos nombres de manera aislada, sino que siempre los relaciona con términos que hacen alusión al origen vegetal de los productos en cuestión, como por ejemplo ‘mantequilla de tofu’ o ‘rice spray cream’.

RIESGO DE CONFUSIÓN

En su fallo de este miércoles, el Tribunal de Justicia de la UE desestima todos los argumentos de TofuTown. La sentencia señala que, a efectos de la comercialización y la publicidad, la normativa comunitaria “reserva en principio exclusivamente la denominación ‘leche’ a la leche de origen animal”. Lo mismo ocurre con nombres como ‘nata’, ‘chantilly’, ‘mantequilla’, ‘queso’ y ‘yogur’, que sólo pueden utilizarse para productos lácteos, es decir, derivados de la leche.

Las denominaciones enumeradas no pueden ser utilizadas legalmente para designar un producto puramente vegetal, salvo que ese producto aparezca en la lista de excepciones, cosa que no ocurre ni con la soja ni con el tofu”, resalta el fallo. La utilización de menciones que indiquen el origen vegetal del producto en cuestión, como hace TofuTown, “no tiene influencia alguna en esta prohibición” ya que no evitan con certeza el “riesgo de confusión por parte del consumidor”.

“Si no se previese esa limitación, estas denominaciones no permitirían identificar con certeza los productos que poseen las características particulares relacionadas con la composición natural de la leche animal, lo que menoscabaría la protección de los intereses de los consumidores, debido al riesgo de confusión creado”, alega el TJUE.

“Se vería también menoscabado el objetivo de mejora de las condiciones económicas de producción y de comercialización, así como la calidad de la leche y los productos lácteos”, concluye la sentencia.

En: elespanol.com 

¿Ya no sabes lo que estas tomando por las mañanas gracias a “Leche Gloria”? Aquí información relevante: La Leche Entera

Imagen: http://assets.trome.pe/files/article_main/uploads/2017/06/04/59344e277dc83.jpeg

La leche entera es un alimento esencial en todo el mundo y uno de los más completos por las propiedades nutricionales de la leche. Normalmente, la que se encuentra en el supermercado es leche de vaca, pero también hay de otros mamíferos. Uno de los principales nutrientes de la leche es el calcio, por eso es buena para los huesos. Además, también contiene lactosa, lo que la hace intolerante para algunas personas.

Características de la leche entera

La leche entera es un líquido de color blanquecino opaco con numerosos beneficios y propiedades. Es muy común para producir derivados lácteos, como yogur, mantequilla o queso. La principal diferencia entre la leche entera, la leche semidesnatada y la leche desnatada es la grasa o crema. De las tres, la que más grasa contiene es la leche entera, por lo que no se recomienda para personas que quieren perder peso. Es mejor optar por la semidesnatada, que contiene poca crema y sacia más que la desnatada, a la que se le han eliminado todas las grasas y gran parte de los nutrientes y vitaminas de la leche.

Precaución: La leche de casi todos los mamíferos contiene derivados de la morfina llamados casomorfinas, que se encargan de mantener cierto nivel de adicción en los lactantes para incentivar su apetito durante los primeros meses de vida. Esto podría explicar por qué muchas personas son adictas a la leche. Hay un estudio que demuestra que los hombres que consumen gran cantidad de productos lácteos tiene el doble de riesgo de padecer cáncer de próstata, por lo que no se recomienda abusar de la leche de vaca ni de los derivados lácteos.

PROPIEDADES DE LA LECHE ENTERA

Beneficios de la Leche entera

La leche entera está compuesta principalmente por agua; iones como sal, minerales y calcio; glúcidos como la lactosa; materia grasa; proteínas como la caseína, y vitaminas A, D, B y E. Por ello, es buena para mantener unos huesos fuertes y sanos y prevenir la osteoporisis. Además, es hidratante y saciante y proporcioan energía. En los recién nacidos, la leche protege el tracto gastrointestinal contra patógenos, toxinas e inflamación, y regula los procesos de obtención de energía, especialmente el metabolismo de la glucosa y la insulina. La leche también es un alimento que ayuda a mantener el funcionamiento del cerebro, a dormir mejor y a cuidar la piel, así como es ideal para embarazadas y deportistas.

Saciantes

Contraindicaciones de la Leche entera

La leche contiene lactosa, un azúcar al que muchas personas son intolerantes, por lo que se recomienda que tomen leche sin lactosa. La leche entera también contiene mucha grasa, por lo que aquellas personas que padecen colesterol o quieren adelgazar, deberían tomar leche semidesnatada o desnatada. Además, también hay personas alérgicas a la proteína de leche de vaca, que está comprobado que no es buena para personas con piel atópica. Tampoco se recomienda beber leche si se padece algún trastorno digestivo.

INFORMACIÓN NUTRICIONAL DE LA LECHE ENTERA

1 ración (244 gr.) 100 gr.
Calorías 102 kcal 42 kcal
Grasas 2.37 g 0.97 g
Grasas saturadas 1.545 g 0.633 g
Grasas poliinsaturadas 0.085 g 0.035 g
Grasas monoinsaturadas 0.676 g 0.277 g
Proteínas 8.22 g 3.37 g
Carbohidratos 12.18 g 4.99 g
Azúcar 12.69 g 5.2 g
Fibra 0.0 g 0 g
Colesterol 12 mg 5 mg
Minerales
Calcio 305 mg 125 mg
Hierro 0.07 mg 0.03 mg
Sodio 107 mg 44 mg
Potasio 366 mg 150 mg
Magnesio 27 mg 11 mg
Fósforo 232 mg 95 mg
Zinc 1.02 mg 0.42 mg
Vitaminas
Vitamina A 115 IU 47 IU
Vitamina C — mg — mg
Vitamina D — µg — µg
Vitamina B1 (Tiamina) 0.049 mg 0.02 mg
Vitamina B6 0.090 mg 0.037 mg
Vitamina B sub 12 1.15 µg 0.47 µg
Vitamina E 0.02 mg 0.01 mg
Vitamina K 0.2 µg 0.1 µg
Folato (ácido fólico) 12 µg 5 µg
Beta Caroteno 5 µg 2 µg
Agua 219.40 g 89.92 g
Cafeína — mg — mg

 

En: biotrends

The last president to fire an FBI director? Bill Clinton

It’s been 24 years since a president fired the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

In 1993, President Clinton ousted William Sessions as FBI director after Sessions refused to voluntarily step down amid ethical concerns. It was the first and only time to happen in U.S. history. That is, until Donald Trump fired James Comey.

Sessions, appointed by Ronald Reagan, had been under investigation by the Justice Department’s Office of Professional Responsibility during George H.W. Bush’s final year in office.

Here’s how The Times reported the findings at the time:

“The Justice Department report found, among other things, that Sessions had engaged in a sham transaction to avoid paying taxes on his use of an FBI limousine to take him to and from work, that he had billed the government for a security fence around his home that provided no security and that he had arranged business trips to places where he could meet with relatives.”

Sessions dismissed the findings and refused to resign.

Clinton, at the recommendation of his attorney general, Janet Reno, dismissed Sessions.

“We cannot have a leadership vacuum at an agency as important to the United States as the FBI,” Clinton said at a White House news conference. “It is time that this difficult chapter in the agency’s history is brought to a close.”

Sessions serves on the board of directors for non-profit think tank, The Constitution Project. According to the website, he is a partner at the Holland & Knight law firm Washington, D.C.

In: latimes

Defiant FBI Chief Is Fired by President : Law enforcement: Alleged ethical abuses by Sessions are cited as reason for dismissal. He refused to resign.

Image; http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-20/news/mn-15006_1_law-enforcement-agencies

July 20, 1993|RONALD J. OSTROW and ROBERT L. JACKSON | TIMES STAFF WRITERS

WASHINGTON — FBI Director William S. Sessions, who stubbornly refused to resign despite Justice Department ethics findings that he abused his office, was fired Monday by President Clinton–the first time a director of the storied agency has been dismissed.

Clinton and Atty. Gen. Janet Reno, steeling the Administration against claims that the decision was politically motivated, used unmistakably blunt language to describe Sessions’ failings. Reno “has reported to me in no uncertain terms that he can no longer effectively lead the bureau and law enforcement community,” Clinton said, adding that he fully agreed with her recommendation to replace Sessions immediately.

Clinton is expected to announce today that he plans to nominate U.S. District Court Judge Louis J. Freeh of New York, a former FBI agent and federal prosecutor, to succeed Sessions. Clinton met with Freeh for 90 minutes Friday night.

“With a change in management in the FBI, we can now give the crime fighters the leadership they deserve,” Clinton said. Administration officials said Monday that they know of no other candidate under consideration for the post.

Clinton dismissed Sessions after the director rejected Administration entreaties to resign, contending that to voluntarily step down would violate the principle of an independent FBI. The FBI director is appointed to a 10-year term but serves at the pleasure of the President.

Sessions was appointed 5 1/2 years ago by former President Ronald Reagan.

“We cannot have a leadership vacuum at an agency as important to the United States as the FBI,” Clinton said at a White House press conference. “It is time that this difficult chapter in the agency’s history is brought to a close.”

With Senate confirmation of the next FBI director not likely before fall, Clinton said that Deputy Director Floyd I. Clarke would serve as acting director. Sessions’ wife, Alice, has repeatedly accused Clarke of leading an internal cabal to force her husband from office, and Sessions has publicly questioned Clarke’s loyalty.

At his press conference, Clinton rejected the suggestion that Sessions fell victim to an internal vendetta and responded “absolutely not” when asked if the removal of Sessions would create the impression that the FBI is being subjected to political pressures.

Clinton cited the six-month-old highly critical report on Sessions’ conduct by the Justice Department’s Office of Professional Responsibility, which investigated the director in the final year of the George Bush Administration.

Clinton noted that the attorney general had studied the findings and thoroughly reviewed Sessions’ leadership.

Reno said that, when she took office last March, then acting Atty. Gen. Stuart Gerson, a Republican holdover, advised her that Sessions “had exhibited flawed judgment which had an adverse effect within the FBI.”

But Reno said she wanted to make her own independent assessment of Sessions’ ability to lead the FBI, noting that she felt very strongly that the FBI director “should be above politics and not automatically subject to replacement with a change of administrations.”

The Justice Department report found, among other things, that Sessions had engaged in a sham transaction to avoid paying taxes on his use of an FBI limousine to take him to and from work, that he had billed the government for a security fence around his home that provided no security and that he had arranged business trips to places where he could meet with relatives.

Sessions dismissed the findings as biased and said that they resulted from “animus” toward him by former Atty. Gen. William P. Barr, who–on his last day in office last January–presented the report to Sessions with orders to take remedial actions.

In addition to the sections of the report that have been released, the investigation looked into whether Sessions had accepted a “sweetheart” deal on his home loan from a Washington bank and into other matters that have not been made public, sources familiar with it said.

Reno said that she reviewed “all the circumstances,” including the Office of Professional Responsibility report and responses to it submitted by Sessions. Her conclusions, couched in language even stronger than Clinton’s, were detailed in a letter to the President that she read aloud at the press conference.

“I have concluded that the director has exhibited a serious deficiency in judgment involving matters contained in the report and that he does not command the respect and confidence needed to lead the bureau and the law enforcement community in addressing the many issues facing law enforcement today,” she wrote.

Sessions, in a prepared statement, said that “because of scurrilous attacks on me and my wife of 42 years it has been decided by others that I can no longer be as forceful as I need to be in leading the FBI and carrying out my responsibilities to the bureau and the nation.

In: latimes 

Uber broke Apple’s iOS privacy rules and Tim Cook wasn’t happy about it

Uber broke Apple’s privacy rules in its iOS app in an effort to catch Chinese fraudsters, resulting in chief executive Travis Kalanick being hauled in to Cupertino for a personal dressing down from Tim Cook, it has been revealed.

Apple prevents developers from identifying specific iPhones for privacy reasons, arguing that a phone that is completely wiped and resold should have no links to its previous owner; to that end, in 2012, the company stopped allowing apps on its App Store to access information like the “Unique Device Identifier” (UDID) and similar identifying information.

But in an effort to prevent a particular type of fraud in China, where scammers load up stolen credit cards to make fake rides before wiping the phone and repeating the process, Uber broke Apple’s rules, according to a New York Times profile of Kalanick.

The company even went to the effort of adding code to its app so that any user opening it inside Apple’s Cupertino headquarters wouldn’t see the rule-breaking code.

That didn’t prevent Apple from discovering the subterfuge. In the meeting, Cook reportedly told Kalanick, “I’ve heard you’ve been breaking some of our rules,” and threatened to pull Uber’s app from the App Store if the company didn’t remove the fingerprinting feature.

According to security researcher Will Strafach, who analysed a version of Uber’s app from 2014 in response to the story, the company was using a chunk of code normally exclusive to Apple itself to pull iPhone serial numbers out of the device’s operating system. Those serial numbers remain the same, even if the entire rest of the device is wiped and reinstalled with a new user account. Even if Uber hadn’t been spotted by Apple, the technique no longer works: as of the most recent version of iOS, apps cannot discover the serial number this way.

In a statement, Uber said “this is a typical way to prevent fraudsters from loading Uber onto a stolen phone, putting in a stolen credit card, taking an expensive ride and then wiping the phone – over and over again. Similar techniques are also used for detecting and blocking suspicious logins to protect our users’ accounts. Being able to recognise known bad actors when they try to get back onto our network is an important security measure for both Uber and our users.”

In: theguardian

Supreme Court Won’t Hear Major Case on Transgender Rights

WASHINGTON — Prompted by the Trump administration’s reversal of the federal government’s position on transgender rights, the Supreme Court announced on Monday that it would not decide whether a transgender boy in Virginia could use the boys’ bathroom at his high school.

The decision not to take his case, which came as the court is awaiting the appointment of a ninth member, means there will be no ruling on the highly charged issue of transgender rights this term. The issue will almost certainly return to the Supreme Court, probably in a year or two.

Until then, lawsuits in the lower courts will proceed, the political climate and public opinion may shift, and the court’s composition will almost certainly change.

Monday’s development was a setback for transgender rights advocates, who had hoped the Supreme Court, which established a constitutional right to same-sex marriage two years ago, would aid their cause.

Instead, in a one-sentence order on Monday, the Supreme Court vacated an appeals court decision in favor of the student, Gavin Grimm, and sent the case back for further consideration in light of the new guidance from the administration.

The Supreme Court had agreed in October to hear the case, and the justices were scheduled to hear arguments this month. The case would have been the court’s first encounter with transgender rights, and it would probably have been one of the biggest decisions of a fairly sleepy term.

“Thousands of transgender students across the country will have to wait even longer for a final decision from our nation’s highest court affirming their basic rights,” said Sarah Warbelow, the legal director of the Human Rights Campaign.

Kerri Kupec, a lawyer with Alliance Defending Freedom, a conservative Christian group, welcomed Monday’s development.

“The first duty of school districts is to protect the bodily privacy rights of all of the students who attend their schools and to respect the rights of parents who understandably don’t want their children exposed in intimate changing areas like locker rooms and showers,” she said.

There are other cases on transgender rights in lower courts, including a challenge to a North Carolina law that, in government buildings, requires transgender people to use bathrooms that correspond with the gender listed on their birth certificates. The law has drawn protests, boycotts and lawsuits.

The question in the Virginia case was whether Mr. Grimm, 17, could use the boys’ bathroom in his southeast Virginia high school. The Obama administration said yes, relying on its interpretation of a federal regulation under a 1972 law, Title IX, that bans discrimination “on the basis of sex” in schools that receive federal money.

The Department of Education said in 2015 that schools “generally must treat transgender students consistent with their gender identity.” Last year, the department went further, saying that schools could lose federal money if they discriminated against transgender students.

The Trump administration withdrew that guidance last month, saying it had been formulated without “due regard for the primary role of the states and local school districts in establishing educational policy.”

The letter announcing the new policy, signed by officials in the Education and Justice Departments, said schools must still take steps to protect all students from “discrimination, bullying or harassment.”

Individual school districts remain free to let transgender students use the bathrooms of their choice. The practical effect of the Trump administration’s change in position was limited, as a federal court had issued a nationwide injunction barring enforcement of the Obama administration’s guidance.

It will now be up to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, in Richmond, Va., to answer whether Title IX protects the rights of Mr. Grimm and other transgender students.

Mr. Grimm attends Gloucester High School. For a time, school administrators allowed him to use the boys’ bathroom, but the local school board later adopted a policy that required students to use the bathrooms and locker rooms for their “corresponding biological genders.” The board added that “students with gender identity issues” would be allowed to use private bathrooms.

The American Civil Liberties Union, which represents Mr. Grimm, told the justices that requiring Mr. Grimm to use a private bathroom had been humiliating and had, quoting him, “turned him into ‘a public spectacle’ before the entire community, ‘like a walking freak show.’”

After Mr. Grimm challenged the school board’s bathroom policy in court in 2015, a divided Fourth Circuit panel ruled the policy unlawful. A trial judge then ordered school officials to let Mr. Grimm use the boys’ bathroom.

A 1975 regulation adopted under Title IX allowed schools to provide “separate toilet, locker rooms and shower facilities on the basis of sex.” The Fourth Circuit said that the rule was ambiguous and that the Education Department’s interpretation of it was entitled to “controlling weight.”

Both sides had hoped the Supreme Court would decide the case, Gloucester County School Board v. G.G., No. 16-273, even after the Trump administration withdrew its guidance on the meaning of the regulation.

In a letter to the justices last week, Joshua A. Block, a lawyer with the A.C.L.U., said the administration’s change in position did not render the case moot, as the basic question of what Title IX meant remained. “The underlying principle that discrimination against transgender individuals is a form of discrimination on the basis of sex has been widely accepted in the lower courts for years,” he wrote.

“Delaying resolution would provide no benefit to the court and would needlessly prolong harm to transgender students across the country awaiting this court’s decision,” Mr. Block wrote.

In a second letter, S. Kyle Duncan, a lawyer for the school board, agreed that the case should proceed, though he suggested a brief delay to allow the Trump administration to weigh in.

A ruling on the meaning of Title IX, Mr. Duncan wrote, “will save the parties — as well as public and private parties involved in similar disputes throughout the nation — enormous litigation costs as well as needless and divisive political controversy.”

The Supreme Court rejected those requests, apparently preferring to wait for a cleaner presentation of the issues in a different case.

In: nytimes

Subsidio por maternidad

Imagen: http://m1.paperblog.com/i/375/3750244/embarazo-trabajo-proteccion-laboral-maternida-L-2wKaDX.jpeg

En relación al pago de las prestaciones económicas por maternidad (Decreto Supremo N° 002-2016-TR), SERVIR comunica a los jefes y responsables o al que haga sus veces de las Oficinas de Recursos Humanos en el Estado lo siguiente:

  • El artículo 2º del Decreto Supremo modifica el primer párrafo del artículo 16º del Reglamento de la Ley Nº 26790, Ley de Modernización de la Seguridad Social en Salud, aprobado por Decreto Supremo Nº 009-97-SA, disponiendo que las prestaciones económicas (subsidios) por maternidad se otorguen por noventa y ocho (98) días, los cuales pueden distribuirse en los períodos inmediatamente anteriores o posteriores al parto, conforme lo elija la madre, con la condición de que durante esos períodos no realice trabajo remunerado.
  • El Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (ESSALUD), a través de la Carta Circular Nº 015-GCSPE-ESSALUD-2016, ha señalado que las condiciones para el otorgamiento de las prestaciones económicas (subsidios) por maternidad, en lo que refiere a los 8 días adicionales, son las siguientes:
    a. El alumbramiento se haya producido a partir del 10 de marzo del presente año inclusive; o
    b. La fecha probable de parto sea a partir del 10 de marzo del presente año (y el alumbramiento no se haya producido).
  • En ese orden, la carta circular estipula que los Certificados de Incapacidad Temporal por Maternidad se emiten por noventa y ocho (98) días. Asimismo, a los certificados emitidos por noventa (90) días, con anterioridad a la vigencia del Decreto Supremo Nº 002-2016-TR, y que cumplan con las condiciones antes indicadas, se les adicionará un Certificado por ocho (08) días en el periodo de post-parto.

Lima, 31 de marzo de 2016

Gerencia de Desarrollo del Sistema de Recursos Humanos

En: servir.gob.pe

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