19/02/09: Tigres de papel

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Tigres de papel

Por Mirko Lauer

Un artículo de The Washington Post celebra lo que llama una “Revolución impulsada por documentos” en América Latina. Se refiere a la manera cómo “reglas fundamentales de la sociedad” vienen siendo alteradas por cambios constitucionales en Bolivia, Ecuador y Venezuela. Se felicita el diario porque este tipo de cambio solía intentarse con un arma en la mano.

En efecto, para la izquierda ganar el poder del Estado con el voto ya no solo es posible, sino hasta parece fácil a juzgar por el mapa político de la región. Antes el impedimento estaba en el celo de Washington en un contexto de guerra fría. Con lo cual la vía de los documentos sería algo así como la dulce venganza del demócrata electoral Salvador Allende.

Pero la perspectiva relativiza la cosa. Los izquierdistas en el gobierno hoy son muy distintos, y si bien producen cambios dramáticos, ninguno realmente asustaría a, por ejemplo, un social-demócrata europeo. De otra parte, esas nuevas constituciones están produciendo en las calles una creciente confrontación que no se puede llamar sino clasista.

La primera pregunta que surge es cuán reversibles son esos cambios si dejan de funcionar. Pues si la elección es un homenaje a Allende, una reelección como la que acaba de obtener Hugo Chávez es a su modo una parodia electoral de los 50 años de los hermanos Castro en el poder, esos sí originalmente hijos de un putsch con las armas en la mano.

Se trata de contratos sociales constitucionales que no se presentan como permanentes (i.e. irreversibles), lo cual no deja de ser una novedad. Algo así como constituciones descartables en la eventualidad de que el ánimo de las mayorías o de los llamados poderes fácticos cambie. En el fondo siempre ha sido así.

Pero si, en la visión del Post, ya no se usa las armas para imponer los cambios. Si estos avanzan lo suficiente una derecha abrumada por la demografía popular podría tentarse de tomar las armas para impedir esos cambios impulsados por documentos. Sobre todo si la crisis obliga a los gobiernos a pisar el acelerador socialista.

Un dato sorprendente en el artículo de Joshua Partlow en el Post es que las nuevas constituciones revolucionarias están siendo redactadas, o cuando menos asesoradas, por un grupo de abogados españoles entre los que destaca Roberto Viciano Pastor, de la Universidad de Valencia. “Su ayuda es técnica y, dicen algunos, ideológica”.

De ser así Simón Bolívar se debe estar retorciendo en la tumba ante este caso de tercerización constitucional con la península. Pero no nos sorprendamos, que en el Congreso peruano cada vez menos representantes están en condiciones de redactar los trabajos que presentan y leen. A esos sí que no los impulsa ningún documento.

Fuente: La República

Puntuación: 4.33 / Votos: 3

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